1BitSquared has just launched our German online store. We are the first dedicated Paparazzi UAV hardware supplier in Europe.
With a store in Europe we can provide faster delivery times of Paparazzi UAV hardware for all the European users and developers. Now you can purchase Lisa/M(X), Lisa/S, Elle0 autopilots and accessories for Paparazzi UAV within Europe without having to pick up your order at your customs office. We hope this will make the entry into Paparazzi and working with the system easier, knowing that you can get new parts and hardware faster from a local supplier.
Check out the 1BitSquared DE store, if you have any questions or suggestions let us know in the Paparazzi UAV Gitter channel, esden is always there to answer your questions regarding the 1BitSquared products and online store. You can also reach 1BitSquared through our contact form, and the 1BitSquared Discord Server.
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Just in time for the new year, we released a GPS module named G0. It is designed to neatly fit on top of the new Paparazzi UAV Elle0 Autopilot.
G0 features the UBlox Max-7Q chipset, a large ground plane and EMI shielding. Due to the large ground plane and optional side flaps it has good multipath and EMI rejection characteristics, making it a great device to be used on fully autonomous systems that need high precision and reliable GPS reception.
For more information visit our G0 pre-order page.
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In the light of the recent FAA registration limits, the great guys at sUAS News wrote an article featuring our Lisa/S nano Quadcopter. Our platform that we developed together with the TU-Delft MAV lab team provides all the autonomous capabilities while being way below the FAA regulated limits for registration. The Lisa/S nano Quadcopter weighs only 39g while the FAA requires all aircraft above 250g to be registred.
Check out their article for more information.
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The 1BitSquared team will be at the Paparazzi UAV assembly at the 32nd Chaos Communication Congress (32C3) in Hamburg, Germany the 27-30th, 2015. If you are lucky enough to have tickets and are attending the event, drop by and say hi. We are looking forward to meeting you and showing off our hardware.
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1BitSquared has released Elle0, a new Paparazzi UAV autopilot. Elle0 is the lowest cost autopilot developed specifically for use with the Paparazzi UAV framework. It was inspired by the Lisa/MX and Apogee autopilots and has been stripped down to the most essential features while preserving the flexibility that Paparazzi autopilots are famous for.
Here are some of the specs:
Mechanically Elle0 is designed around the 30.5mm M3 hole pattern, popularized by the Nano Quad community. But Elle0 can be used on more than just Nano Quads, it has everything on board to control anything from a small Quad through a big Octocopter to Airplanes or Helicopters. For an autonomous UAV you just need to add a GPS, Telemetry radio and maybe RC receivers. ;)
Apropos RC receivers, Elle0 provides two Spektrum Satellite compatible connectors. You don't have to crimp special wires to connect your Spektrum Diversity setup to your autopilot anymore!
For more information check out our Wiki Page. 1BitSquared is offering Elle0 for Pre-Order in their store. Elle0 will start shipping early 2016.
]]>Martin Müller and his team have created a blog documenting their meteorological research operations. They are flying their Paparazzi based systems in the Antarctic collecting data. It is a great read showing the robustness of the Paparazzi UAV systems and hardware.
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The Paparazzi UAV Blog has a new look and consolidated content. Check it out for current news and a look back at some of the history.
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We will be showing off some of our hardware at the O’Reilly Open Source Convention 2015 (OSCON). The event is happening on July 20–24, 2015 in Portland, Oregon USA.
Piotr Esden-Tempski from 1BitSquared together with Rich Burton from Hooperfly will be bringing some of their Paparazzi UAV based creations to show off. If you are attending OSCON find us in the exhibition hall for the hardware showcase and say “Hi”. We would love to meet some fellow Paparazzians.
If you can’t find us just drop us a line on Discord or Twitter. Hope to see you there!
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Photo credit: Andy Nelson with The Register-Guard
A Eugene man builds the brains to control tiny aerial vehicles
By Dashiell Paulson The Register-Guard
In technology circles, small flying robots, commonly called Unmanned Aerial Vehicles, are hailed as potentially the next global growth industry. But UAVs could be surpassed by, or perhaps work in tandem with, the even smaller MAVs or micro aerial vehicles, many of which can fit in a coat pocket or a desk drawer.
Eugene based 1 Bit Squared is the source of what company founder and owner Piotr Esden-Tempski believes to be the world’s smallest commercial autopilot for these kind of miniature drones.
Sitting in 16 Tons Cafe, Esden-Tempski reaches into his backpack and pulls out a toy drone with four rotors, called a quadcopter, that’s only as big as his hand.
“This kind of drone is available at most big retail stores now,” he said. “It’s cheap, a toy. I use it to test my products.”
The heart of the drone is the $300 Lisa/S circuit, a 1.9 gram, 2-by-2 centimeter circuit board that derives its marketability not only from size but its many functions. The chip has GPS, a radio for RC control and telemetry, a barometer, a 3-axis gyroscope, and drivers that control the rotors. Only the U.S. military has hardware that can compare with, or surpass it, in terms of size and function, Esden-Tempski said. (The U.S. Black Hornet drones, for example, are only as big as a person’s thumb, according to various media reports).
Esden-Tempski runs 1 Bit Squared with help from his wife, Danika. The company doesn’t build drones, rather, it creates the brains that control the drones — specializing in autopilots, development and drone programming. The company targets “the emerging personal nano UAV market for advanced hobbyists, as well as university and civilian research programs,” according to its website.
Esden-Tempski declined to divulge profits and revenues for his company, but said he sells about 30 Lisa/S circuits globally, per month, along with a variety of other hardware pieces and consulting services.
As far as he knows, 1 Bit Squared is the only company of this type in the Eugene-Springfield area.
“I tried to look for Oregon companies,” Esden-Tempski said. “There might be some here, but I’m not aware of them. I found one in Bend, but they build complete systems for agriculture.”
Started as experiment
Esden-Tempski said he started 1 Bit as an experiment, to find out how much demand there might be for his tiny circuit.
“I felt very confident that this was something not on the market before, so I wanted to try and push it to maturity,” he said.
From the beginning, 1 Bit’s main clients have been universities and researchers, which make up about 30 percent of 1 Bit’s customer base, Esden-Tempski said.
He began working on the Lisa/S in 2012, in collaboration with researchers at the Delft University of Technology in Holland (TuDelft).
Before that, Esden-Tempski had worked closely with other UAV developers, especially Paparazzi, an open source project for drone enthusiasts to build autopilots and hardware as a community.
As an open source project, Paparazzi eschews patents, preferring to make the designs and programming freely available to users.
“Tudelft reached out to me because of my involvement with the Paparazzi project,” Esden-Tempski said. “They were interested in hiring me on a consulting process.”
The faculty wrote the programming for the circuit while Esden-Tempski designed the hardware. “I produced the prototypes and chose the parts,” he said.
In the summer of 2013, development of the Lisa/S software was complete, winning plaudits for TuDelft in tech circles. Because Esden-Tempski designed the circuit, he was able to manufacture and sell them through 1 Bit.
The way the business works is Esden-Tempski buys specific components from U.S. companies and printed circuit boards from China. He then has the parts assembled at Corvallis-based Reliance CM. Esden-Tempski said he is choosy about the parts he uses and who puts them together.
“Even with the design files and the software you need to have the necessary tools” he said. “You need to know where to source parts, what manufacturer to hire, what additional requirements to specify.”
So far, he said, the company he created is on track to meet his objectives.
“It’s matched my expectations” Esden-Tempski said. “It’s the first generation of the hardware and there’s a lot of additional room for development. I want the company to expand slowly and eventually add employees.”
MAVs’ smaller size makes them better suited to indoors, where drones as big as a laptop can be cumbersome — a major advantage as pressure to regulate drone usage outdoors in public spaces increases.
“The advantage of my stuff is its pretty small,” Esden-Tempski said. “So people can fly it around their house.”
Numerous applications
That’s an exciting prospect for Michel Kinsy, an assistant professor in the Department of Computer and Information Science at University of Oregon and director of its Computer Architecture and Embedded Systems Lab.
“There are a lot of applications for MAVs,” Kinsy said. “If you send a lot of them they can cover a wide area, they can collect a lot of detail, go to places where a large UAV could not go. One of the long term visions I have is a large UAV platform with lots of micro UAVs on it. That big one would act as a mothership, recharging the MAVs and getting them there and home.”
Kinsy recently invited Esden-Tempski to join his team at the UO as a research assistant.
“This is win-win for all of us,” Kinsy said, “Piotr is the perfect fit. He will give our research more direction and let us know what’s practical. We can know better what other people are already doing.”
Kinsy is keen to develop patents out of the collaboration, with usage rights split between the university, the members of the research team, and 1 Bit Squared.
Esden-Tempski is bringing his product to market at a time when drones are taking off in Canada and Europe.
Commercially, the aerial robots can be used for a plethora of purposes. They have already been used to examine rooftops, monitor crops, conduct search and rescue, check power lines, film movies, cover news events and sports, detect forest fires, deliver packages, count inventory, deliver supplies to disaster zones, and track wildlife, among other things.
In the United States, UAVs have faced more opposition, including mistrust of their purposes by the general public and tight regulation by the Federal Aviation Administration.
Their usage in the U.S. often has been publicly linked to military weapons and critics have openly worried that UAVs can be used to spy, invade privacy, smuggle drugs, stalk celebrities, mimic cellphone towers and steal personal information, or, in military usage, kill people.
The Federal Aviation Administration has said it’s crafting safety rules and regulations for UAV commercial use. But the process has been slow, critics allege, and the FAA has continued a near prohibition on drones for any use beyond flying for pleasure.
“The laws in the U.S. for drones are horrible,” Esden-Tempski said. “That’s the only word for it, horrible.”
FAA restrictions
Congress has required the FAA to maintain a hands-off approach on hobbyists’ use of drones so long as the pilots play by the rules, including staying below 400 feet and away from manned aircraft.
But the federal agency has largely kept a tight lid on the business and research use of what it calls “unmanned aircraft systems.” Later this year, the FAA is expected to propose less restrictive rules governing the use of small drones that weigh less than 55 pounds. The rules for larger drones will follow later.
In the meantime, the FAA has aggressively pursued alleged violations of the current rules. In early November, the agency sent a warning to a North Carolina High School after students filmed the school’s Friday night football game with a drone, citing a prohibition against flying drones over large gatherings.
The FAA has widely cited concerns about public safety for the time spenting on crafting rules. Congress has given the FAA a deadline for new rules of September 2015.
Esden-Tempski said he doubts the FAA can make the deadline.
“They have no idea what they are doing,” he said. “They aren’t pilots. They regulate planes and big aircraft. I think the FAA are shooting the U.S. in the foot. The rest of the world is already using this technology.”
Despite the lack of commercial opportunities in the U.S., he said, 1 Bit still has lots of opportunities in the business realm internationally, Esden-Tempski said, as well as in the hobbyist market in the U.S.
“There’s still growth in the (domestic) hobbyist market,” he said, “but commercially it’s questionable.”
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Bart Remes from the TU-Delft MavLab did a great job presenting our paper at the IMAV 2014 conference and competition.
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During the three days of the conference, there were many very interesting talks and presentations as well as an incredible showcase of research talent during the competition. We made a selection of some of our favorite presentations that we wanted to highlight here on the blog.
The Keynote speech at IMAV 2014 was a presentation by Dr. Sawyer B. Fuller - 'Fabrication, sensing, and feedback control of a fly-sized aerial robot'. Besides being an incredible feat in manufacturing, the micro robotics laboratory group is showing an unprecedented miniaturization of synthetic ornithopter. We couldn't believe how small their fly-sized robots are, until we compared our smallest autopilot the Lisa/S to their vehicle. Just to note the scale, the Lisa/S is the size of a postage stamp and fits on the tip of your finger. We realize that the field of micro electronics technology has to advance a little bit before we can scale down our hardware enough to mount on this thing.
The second talk we wanted to highlight was presented by Gautier Hattenberger. A very good friend of ours from ENAC who is also one of the core developers of Paparazzi UAV. He gave a very interesting talk highlighting the use of the Paparazzi UAV framework in autonomous aerial robot research.
Bart Remes gave a presentation on our collaboration with them regarding the Lisa/S and nano Quadcopters. If you are interested in the technical side of the hardware we develop here at 1 Bit Squared you will definitely enjoy his talk.
There were many more talks well worth watching that were presented at IMAV 2014 but too many to mention here. So we have included a playlist of all the presentations.
Last but not least we definitely have to highlight the UAV competition itself. You would have to be there with us to see the huge amount of talent and ingenuity at work at the Universities and research programs working on creating usable and reliable systems with real world applications. Here is a small sampling of the event this year, IMAV 2014 compilation video.
If you were curious about the results of the competition, the first place was taken by a Singapore team with a great fleet of high tech quadcopters. The second place went to a German team led by Prof. Dr.-Ing. Klaus-Peter Neitzke that flew completely FPV and the third place went to our friends at ENAC flying Paparazzi powered quadcopters and airplanes. They also created the most usable and complete aerial maps of the village.
And finally I have to thank Bart Remes and the TU-Delft MavLab team that made the whole event possible. It was a pleasure to be there and help sponsor the event.
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The IMAV 2014 presentations are now live online. For those who are interested, you can view them here.
The 1 Bit Squared team is enjoying our visit to Delft, we will have more updates from the event soon.
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We will be at the Hak5 vendor booth, with Lisa/S, Black Magic Probe, Nano Quad kits and more.
Please come by and say hi!
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Hi everyone,
Just a quick update. We will be attending this years International Micro Air Vehicle Conference and Competition in Delft, Netherlands. The event is taking place between August 12th and 15th. If you are planning on attending, please come over and say hello. We will be showcasing some of our hardware if you have not had the chance to see a Lisa/S in action yet, you will have the opportunity at IMAV 2014.
We are also very proud to be one of the main sponsors of the event, we will be providing some of our hardware as prizes to the winners of the competition.
Looking forward to a great event!
The 1 Bit Squared team
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In this episode Piotr and Darren go through a Paparazzi UAS airframe bring-up process. Including the calibration of the IMU sensors, telemetry and ground segment architecture and much more. If you want to learn more about the Paparazzi UAS framework this episode has a lot to offer.
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In this episode Piotr and Darren show how to wire a Paparazzi UAV autopilot into a quadcopter, using the Lisa/M and Bumblebee airframe.
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In this episode Piotr and Darren assemble the Bumblebee quadcopter frame. With live construction and step by step commentary. And finally test fitting of the Lisa/M autopilot.
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Hello everyone!
Since we receive regular inquiries about the status of Lisa/M and Lisa/MX, we wanted to let you know that as of now, both boards are available for Pre-Order. With their in-stock arrival in the shop estimated very soon. Please check out the product page for up to date information on its availability!
For those of you that do not know Lisa/M and Lisa/MX, they are the bigger sisters of Lisa/S. Lisa/M features the STM32F1 ARM microcontroller, whereas Lisa/MX features the STM32F4 ARM microcontroller.
The F1 is a very well tested platform while the F4 is new to the Paparazzi framework. However both have great things going for them depending on the project you are working on. If you are looking for stability or speed, you might decide to choose one or the other.
Both boards include a 10 DOM IMU as well as a lot of very useful IO.
- With a footprint of 40mm x 24mm ( compared to Lisa/S footprint of 20mm x 20mm )
- The boards include 8 servo outputs
- 3 TTL Serial Interfaces
- 1 SPI interface for expansion.
- 1 I2C Interface for sensor or motor controller connections
- Several analog inputs
- 1 CAN (Control Area Network)
This allows you to build a UAV using; GPS, Infrared (IR) horizon sensors and several kinds of motor controllers that use PWM, I2C or CAN interfaces. You can use standard PPM output RC receivers or the digital output spectrum satellites, It even supports spectrum satellite diversity. And that is just the tip of the iceberg.
For a more detailed description and feature list, please check out the Paparazzi Wiki.
And visit our Lisa/M and Lisa/MX product pages.
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In this episode Piotr and Darren discuss the initial configuration and set up of the Lisa Open-Source Paparazzi autopilot. They also look at the Paparazzi control center software and ground station. Demonstrating how to compile, upload and test your first autopilot firmware.
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We are very happy to see that all the hardware on the board is performing according to set goals.
As a quick progress update, our release deadline was delayed by a couple of weeks due to a few choice backordered parts, but we are now moving into production with the boards and parts delivered to the assembler. The assembler estimates that they should start the production in the first week of June.
After the assembly it will probably take us another few days of inspecting and testing the hardware before we start shipping.
In summary, things are moving forward. The hardware will be in your hands sooner rather than later. We can't wait to get the Lisa/S out to you, and see what sorts of great things you guys will do with them! If you want to remain up to date, Piotr is posting regular updates on his twitter account with images and details of the progress.
Thank you for your patience and support throughout this process, we look forward to hearing from you.
In this episode Piotr and Darren discuss how flight controllers work. Microcontrollers, sensors, input and actuators are explained. You will also see Lisa/S and Lisa/M among other autopilots discussed.
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In this episode Piotr and Darren discuss drone basics. How they are put together, what are their components, how they operate and what makes them special.
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In this episode Piotr and Darren build an Open-Source autonomous aerial system.
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We would like to bring you up to date with the current status of the Lisa/S progress. We know it is long overdue and we promise to post updates more often from now on.
As you might know, the Lisa/S you have seen on pictures and in press articles, was the first prototype version 0.1. Since last year we have learned a lot about the hardware and focused on a few places for potential improvement. We wanted to make these improvements before we produce a few hundred of them, as we want to provide you with the best product possible. Sadly this added a delay to our production schedule, but we think that the improvements are worth it. We are very close to sending off the boards for manufacture, and we will update you here as soon as we hear back from our manufacturing partners.
In the mean time let us tell you a little about the improvements that we were working on in the past few months. For the impatient ones among you, here is a brief list of improvements. For a more in depth analysis, read on if you want to hear the whole story:
- PCB manufacturing improvements
- Provide 4 MOSFET switches to support brushed nano quadrocopters out of the box
- Add backup super capacitor to the GPS for faster satellite reacquisition when swapping batteries
- Add m2 mounting holes for accurate, reliable and maintainable mounting on standard airframes
- Panelization
And this is a rendering of the board including those changes:
Let us start with the first and probably the one that turned out to be the easiest change. All traces on the prototype board were 0.1mm wide. From the standpoint of increasing manufacturing yield, the designer needs to reduce the amount of tiny features. Consequently, we changed all possible traces and spaces to 0.15mm (6mil). The only area that we could not do anything about is the STM32F1 0.5mm pitch BGA footprint. But we hope that our PCB manufacturer will appreciate the effort and it will speed up the board manufacturing.
Obvious platform choices for Lisa/S are, besides the nano helicopters, the brushed motor quadrocopter airframes. The prototype design for the Lisa/S was motivated by a helicopter so we only incorporated two MOSFETs (solid state switches) to actuate the main and tail rotors. If you wanted to mount Lisa/S on a quadrocopter you would have to add two more MOSFETs or use dedicated motor controllers.
This seemed like a big hurdle and a waste of weight. Being able to incorporate 4 MOSFET's on the board would improve the experience of using the autopilot quite a bit. Lisa/S was already highly integrated so it took us some time to come up with a solution. After doing some research, we realized that the Fairchild MOSFETs that we are currently using have a sister product in a very similar format providing two switches per package.
Having two separate MOSFETs means compromising some of the current handling ability of the circuit. That is OK because quadrocopters use less power per motor than a helicopter, and if used on a helicopter we can wire two or more MOSFETs in parallel to drive a motor.
Another hurdle was the fact that if we add two more switches we also should provide two more motor connections. In V0.1 we had two pins per motor providing power and switch, making wiring reasonably simple. We wanted to add two more sets of connectors to the board to make the wiring simple but that forced us to increase the board width by 0.65mm. The alternative would be to add only the switch pins and as a user you would need to wire up one of the motor pins directly to the battery. We came to the conclusion that the increased width of the board from 20mm to 20.65mm is an acceptable sacrifice for the improved simplification of the wiring scheme.
While testing the Lisa/S prototypes we realized that we are swapping batteries on the board quite often. As you might know most GPS setups have a backup battery or super capacitor to keep some of the data about satellites stored between power outages. When a GPS has to boot up after having no power at all, it is called a "cold start". While booting up with a backup power source is called "hot start". A cold start takes about 29 to 30 seconds to acquire enough satellites to get a 3D fix. A hot start takes only about 1 to 2 seconds to reacquire the satellites it lost due to the power outage. This is a significant difference that we decided to address.
We found a tiny 11mF super capacitor 1210 package. According to the datasheet the MAX-7Q module we use on Lisa/S draws 15µA from the backup power source. That means assuming we charge the capacitor to the nominal 3.3V we theoretically get 0.011F * 3.3V = 0.0363A/s out of it. This means we can keep the module on backup power for 0.0363A/s / 0.000015A = 2420s = ~40.3min in ideal conditions. Even if the actual number is 10 or even 5 minutes we have more then enough time to change the battery between adjacent flights.
By moving around a bunch of traces and parts, we found a spot on the board for the supercap and charge diode near the power supply area.
We also decided to work on the mechanical mounting of the board, that many of you inquired about. This turned out to be a much more challenging than anticipated. Most of the nano sized frames do not use screws to mount their control boards. They instead use double sided sticky foam. We realize that is a messy and unreliable solution. Definitely if you are doing development and want to be able to be able to swap the autopilot with ease, or make sure that the board is at an exactly defined angle to the body of the aircraft. That means we need to add mounting holes. From past experiences, we know that mounting holes are something you have to think about very carefully, since you will likely set a "standard", and a poor choice will cause a lot of headaches in the future.
As mentioned before, we looked at what others are doing to mount their control electronics. One nano quadrocopter frame that is widely available and very affordable is the Ladybird and its clones. It has rubber screw mounts for the board, spaced 20mm in a square. Due to its availability and modularity we decided that we should try to be compatible to that airframe. It is exactly the dimension of Lisa/S, so to add those holes directly to the board we would need to move a lot of parts on the board, and probably sacrifice signal integrity. We considered adding holes in a wider square of 24mm x 24mm and using an adapter board, but that would add additional weight to the setup that we did not want to sacrifice. You can see below, the evolution of different hole mounts.
We decided on a compromise. We added 20mm x 20mm mounting holes rotated by 13º around the center of the board. Paparazzi UAV has the body to IMU rotation parameter in the airframe definition. We can use that to compensate for the rotation in software. Also by having the holes offset, they can be on tabs that are v-scored along the edge of the board. This makes it possible to snap them off in case you don't need the mounting holes and would rather save the weight.
After all those improvements we decided to send the design to our assembler to ask for input. I am very happy we did as they had a few very good suggestions.
This is a compromise on the number of boards assembled in one machine load. The 3 x 4 matrix arrangement results in a panel size that is reasonable to handle by the solder paste dispenser, pick and place machine and re-flow oven, without making the panel costs too high. As we mostly produce small batches by industry standards optimizing the panel size is an important step.
An additional advantage of arranging the board in a 3 x 4 matrix is that it now has a line of symmetry. If you arrange the board so that half of the panel exposes the top of the boards and the other half exposes the bottom of the boards you will save time and money during assembly. Your assembler will not need to reconfigure the machine for top and bottom assembly of your board. Confused? Let me try to explain.
The stencil as well as the pick and place machine setup can have top and bottom sides set up. In the first run of your board, half of the boards get their top side populated and soldered and half the bottom. Then the board is flipped around the center symmetry line and run a second time through the assembly line. The boards that got the top populated in the first run will have their bottom side populated and vice versa.
It was actually an interesting challenge to create an open book formatted panel. We are using Cadsoft Eagle and GerbMerge with a bunch of gnu makefiles to generate our gerber files. The first idea was to use the mirror-board.ulp in Eagle. This would mean that if we make any changes to the master pcb design we will have to remirror everything. Additionally the mirror-board.ulp can not handle blind vias. Meaning we would need to convert all the blind vias into regular vias, mirror the board, and convert the vias back into blind ones. This was a lot of manual work every time we do a minor change, or we would have to dive into the ulp and teach it to deal with that automatically. On top of that Eagle does not swap internal copper layers when you tell it to mirror things.
The solution to all of that ended in the gerber file generation step. We just added another set of gerbers that are mirrored and renamed into <boardname>_m.<tld>, We then just had to add it as a second job into the gerbmerge configuration and voila.
The assembler also pointed out that some of our footprints don't have soldermask between copper pads. This may cause the solderpaste to create bridges in reflow. We went through all the footprints and compared them to the recommended footprints in the corresponding datasheets and decreased the opening to the minimum recommended by the JEDEC standard.
As you can see, we have been quite busy providing you with the best product possible. We also hope that by now you understand why the boards are not in production yet. But as far as we can tell, we do not have any more items on our TO-DO list, and we will be sending out the PCB panels to our manufacturer this week. This means that if everything goes well we should be sending the final boards to those of you who pre-ordered the boards by the beginning of next month. We also promise that from now on we will continue to write regular updates here in the blog so you can follow along in our progress. Thank you for the support.
If you have any questions or comments, drop us a line in the contact form or in the comments below.
Regards,
Piotr Esden-Tempski and the 1 Bit Squared team.
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